Why This Flexible Fixture Whip Has No Ground Wire — And Still Passes Inspection

FMC fixture whip grounding rules are commonly misunderstood in the field, especially when no separate wire-type equipment grounding conductor is visible. A common field example is a short FMC fixture whip containing only black and white insulated conductors with no separate wire-type equipment grounding conductor. That immediately creates confusion in the field because many people … Read more

Subpanel Feeder Bonding NEC 2023: The Primary Rule: What Actually Passes Inspection

Subpanel bonding” (NEC 2023) still often gets written up. Not because it’s complicated — but because the line between service equipment bonding and load-side bonding gets crossed. The NEC draws that line very clearly. Inspectors enforce it the same way. Start With the Real Distinction “Subpanel” isn’t defined in the NEC. What we’re talking about … Read more